Jan 16

It is surprising that drugs, products ingested, smoked, sniffed, or drunk were used in exchange and production. This means that people using drugs caused the success of broad exchanges between countries.  Global importance with sugar did not begin until the Muslim expansion after the seventh century. Interestingly, sugar grows in hot, moist areas. Labor must be happening all year round. Originally, sugar was not known in Europe. This means that the food in Europe was not as sweet and flavorful. Sugar eventually started occurring in Europe, as it grew in southern Spain and Portugal. Even African labor was used to produce sugar in the late 1400s. The demand of sugar created fortunes and misery. In the eighteenth century, sugar became used as a sweetener for beverages. Poor individuals spent money on sugared tea. One type of trade that occurred was between sugar and tobacco from the Americas to Europe. Rum was sent from New England to Africa. I remember when I was younger and visiting my aunt's house in Utah, she would always make or buy rum cake for the family. It is so delicious! The British preferred to feed their slaves, which I would imagine being the proper thing to do. However, the Portuguese expected the slaves provide their own sustenance from small plots given to them. The sugar cane was planted, weeded, and harvested by African slaves. Sugar cane had to be harvested year round in order to crush the juice from the cane. North America or Europe is where the final stage of manufacture for sugar took place. In 1715 sugar took place in British society and politics. The fact that the poor drank tea with sugar reminds me of the Boston Tea Party, when a bunch of tea was dumped into the water and wasted. America and Africa were both depopulated for the production of sugar and coffee.

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Kenny Silberberg

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