Pope Pius XI suggests that there are many occasions when larger bodies "make a real and indispensable contribution to local efforts" (Massaro, 90). In American government, this refers to state or federal assistance which supplements the efforts of municipalities, countries, and towns. The only effective means of attaining resources needed for immense and complex tasks is large-scale efforts of national governments. Without a centralized government, national defense, parks system for preserving wildlife, and many other desirable resources would not be possible.